Harbin Y-12

Summary

Category	Transport aircraft
Origin country	🇨🇳 China
First flight	14 July 1982
Year of introduction	1985
Number produced	71 units
Average unit price	$5 million

Description

The HAC Y-12 is a small transport aircraft built by the Chinese company HAC (Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation). It is the result of the development of the Harbin Y-11, from which it inherits many characteristics. However, the Y-12 stands out with a new wing, a wider fuselage, and better construction quality.

The development of the Y-12 took place during a time when the Chinese aerospace industry sought to open up to the international market, particularly by establishing partnerships with foreign companies. This period, marked by technology transfers and ambitious projects, came to an end in 1989 with the arms embargo imposed by Western countries following the tragic events of Tiananmen Square. Despite this, the Y-12 was able to incorporate Western equipment. The aircraft's two engines are turboprops supplied by Pratt & Whitney Canada.

The Y-12 has a classic appearance for its category. Designed for transport missions, it can accommodate up to 19 passengers. It is equipped with high-lift devices, which gives it good Short Takeoff and Landing (STOL) capabilities. Its wings are straight, with each engine positioned in a wing, close to the fuselage but high enough above the ground.

In addition to its use in China, the Harbin Y-12, which was presented at the Paris Air Show in 1987, has managed to attract a small customer base, mainly in Pacific Rim countries and in African states influenced by China.

Despite its relative low profile on the international stage, the HAC Y-12 is appreciated for its versatility and ability to operate in diverse environments. It continues to serve in different countries and remains a reliable choice for passenger and freight transport missions over short distances.

Technical specifications

Version: Y-12II
Crew	2 members
Operational range	1340 km (833 mi)
Maximum speed	328 km/h (204 mph)
Wing area	34.3 m² (368.9 sqft)
Wingspan	17.2 m (56.6 ft)
Height	5.7 m (18.6 ft)
Length	18.9 m (61.9 ft)
Service ceiling	7000 m (22966 ft)
Empty weight	2840 kg (6261 lbs)
Max. takeoff weight	5300 kg (11684 lbs)
Climb rate	8.1 m/s (26.6 ft/s)
Powerplant	2 × turboprops Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-27 delivering 410 kW