Maestrale-class

Summary

Description

The Maestrale class frigates, a fleet of eight vessels operated by the Italian Navy, were all constructed by the Italian shipbuilding company Fincantieri S.p.A., with the exception of the Grecale, which was built at Fincantieri's Muggiano yard in La Spezia. These frigates have been designed with a focus on anti-submarine warfare (ASW), but their versatility also enables them to conduct anti-air and anti-surface operations effectively. The first ship was commissioned in early 1982, and the fleet has been actively participating in international missions, including under NATO and UN flags, besides the Italian Navy's standard operations. The Maestrale class is scheduled to be succeeded by the more advanced Bergamini class.

The design of the Maestrale class bore the imprint of the preceding Lupo class, offering greater size and with it, additional capabilities, albeit at a reduced top speed of approximately 32 knots. The frigates feature a conspicuous superstructure, with various elements like a single large turret, a pair of enclosed pyramid masts, and a continuous superstructure leading to the hangar area. The propulsion system integrates two GE-Avio LM-2500 gas turbines and two diesel engines in a combined diesel or gas (CODOG) configuration, achieving an operational range of 6,000 nautical miles at 15 knots while balancing fuel economy and performance.

The Maestrale class is well-equipped with a formidable array of weaponry. A significant feature is the Oto Melara 127 mm/54 caliber gun situated on the foredeck, backed by the capability to launch 40 rounds per minute. The structural design accommodated the installation of advanced missile systems such as the Albatross with an eight-cell launcher for Sea Sparrow or Aspide missiles. The presence of two CIWS DARDO systems, mounting dual Bofors guns firing at 600 rounds per minute, enhances the frigates' defensive measures. The deck is also home to four Otomat anti-ship missiles and two triple ILAS-3 torpedo tubes, complemented by the heavyweight A.184 wire-guided torpedo system.

The Maestrale class is equipped with an array of electronic systems to bolster both warfare capability and defense. This includes long-range radars for air and surface search, navigation radars, sonar systems for submarine detection, and advanced electronic warfare equipment. These components are integrated through the Selex ES IPN20 command and control system for operational effectiveness.

It's notable that the Maestrale class possesses enhanced ASW capabilities compared to the Lupo class, primarily attributable to the doubling of heavy torpedo launchers, helicopters, and sonars. Despite these advantages, one notable drawback is the suboptimal air-defense arrangement caused by the full foredeck and midship weapon layout, which leaves the aft area more vulnerable. Over time, minor upgrades were implemented to the class, including additional guns for close defense.

Regarding international sales, the Philippines had once expressed interest in acquiring Maestrale class frigates but ultimately decided on purchasing new ships. In contrast, Indonesia's Ministry of Defense entered an agreement with Fincantieri in June 2021 for the acquisition and modernization of two Maestrale-class frigates following their decommissioning from the Italian Navy service.

Technical specifications