Lada-class (Project 677)

Summary

Description

The Lada class, also known as Project 677 Lada (Russian: Лада), is the newest advanced class of diesel-electric attack submarines designed by the Russian Rubin Design Bureau. The inception of this project was aimed at creating a "fourth generation" diesel-electric submarine, offering significant enhancements over the Project 636, such as a reduced acoustic signature, the incorporation of new combat systems, and the possibility of air-independent propulsion (AIP). Despite initial plans, there were no confirmed installations of AIP systems as indicated by Alexander Buzakov in 2019, though reports in July 2022 suggested ongoing work on an electrochemical generator for hydrogen production from diesel fuel and oxygen.

The first of these submarines, Sankt Peterburg, was launched in October 2004 and began sea trials in November 2005. The Russian Navy took delivery in April 2010. Initially, the Russian Navy envisioned a fleet of eight Lada-class submarines with the potential expansion up to twelve. After the lead boat experienced significant shortcomings in tests, the class was initially not accepted for service in 2011, and further construction was halted. The project was later resumed with extensive design changes, and two boats were re-laid with an expected commissioning in 2017 and 2018. The first serial submarine of the class, Kronshtadt, was launched in September 2018. Moreover, additional orders were made in 2019 and 2020, with speculation of up to six boats potentially joining the Baltic Fleet.

Designed for anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, these submarines also serve in the defense of naval bases, seashores, sea lanes, and conducting reconnaissance. Noteworthy is the utilization of a mono-hull design, a first for Russian attack submarines since the 1940s. They boast enhanced capabilities despite a 25% reduction in displacement compared to the Kilo-class. They are equipped with an advanced automated combat control system known as Litiy and designed for a 45-day endurance with a 35-person complement.

Regarding operational history, the lead boat's service was short-lived. In 2023, it was announced that the Sankt Peterburg would be decommissioned and scrapped due to the prohibitive costs of its modernization. Other countries, specifically Indonesia, have shown interest in the Lada-class; however, the acquisition did not materialize due to financial reasons. The remaining submarines currently under construction or on order are anticipated to augment the capabilities of the Russian Navy.

Operating countries of these submarines are primarily Russia, with potential exports to other nations remaining speculative due to previously failed deals, like that with Indonesia. However, the Lada class has faced competition from various other comparable classes of submarines developed by international shipbuilders, such as the Type 212, Type 214, and Scorpène classes, among others.

Technical specifications

Silhouette