Hai Lung-class

Summary

Description

The Hai Lung-class submarines, also known as Chien Lung or Sea Dragon class, are a fleet of submarines serving in the Republic of China's (Taiwan) navy. These submarines were manufactured in the Netherlands as a modified version of the Dutch Navy's Zwaardvis class, which in turn is based on the US Barbel class. Taiwan's Indigenous Defense Submarine program is currently developing new vessels to eventually replace the Hai Lung class.

The origin of these vessels dates back to September 1981, when Taiwan ordered two submarines based on the Dutch Zwaardvis design. The construction faced initial delays due to the financial instability of the dock and yard company Wilton-Fijenoord b.v Schiedam but resumed in 1983. The submarines, Hai Lung and Hai Hu, were launched in 1986 and underwent sea trials before being transported to Taiwan and commissioned in 1987 and 1988 respectively. Although further expansion of this class was planned, subsequent pressure from mainland China led to the cancellation of potential orders after diplomatic relations between China and the Netherlands soured.

Designed for stealth and efficiency, the Hai Lung-class features a teardrop hull design and incorporates noise-reduction capabilities by placing noise-producing machinery on a false deck with spring suspension. This design facilitates silent running, which is vital for modern submarine operations. The class was initially outfitted with an Elbit TIMNEX 4CH(V2) electronic support measures (ESM) system to enhance its capabilities.

The primary mission of the Hai Lung-class is to ensure Taiwan's ability to deter naval blockades by China and keep their crucial sea lanes open. This is critical for maintaining trade flows, which the Taiwanese economy relies heavily upon. In the event of a conflict, the submarines could also potentially be used to blockade Chinese ports, although they may not be capable of countering China's submarine fleet effectively.

To extend the operational efficacy of the Hai Lung-class, an upgrade program was initiated. In 2005, it was revealed that the submarines would be fitted to launch UGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles. This upgrade significantly bolstered their offensive capabilities, allowing them to engage sea and land targets from a considerable distance. The transaction involved Taiwan acquiring 32 Harpoon Block II missiles along with additional equipment, which was approved by the United States in 2008. The delivery of these missiles to Taiwan was completed in 2016, greatly enhancing the country's maritime self-defense and deterrence posture.

Technical specifications