Collins-class

Summary

Description

The Collins-class submarines are a fleet of six Australian-built diesel-electric vessels operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Named after Vice Admiral John Augustine Collins, each vessel honors significant RAN figures from World War II. These submarines were the first to be constructed in Australia, boosting local industry and sustaining capabilities. The class was designed in the late 1970s and early 1980s to replace the Oberon-class submarines, with proposals from various international companies leading to the selection of an enlarged design by Swedish shipbuilder Kockums, known as the Type 471.

Despite being a technological advancement, the Collins-class faced numerous issues, including technical difficulties, personnel retention challenges, and public perception problems. Only three of the six submarines were operational by 2008 due to staffing shortages. However, improvements since 2016 have increased their availability for the RAN. Initially expected to retire around 2026, their service life has been extended into the 2030s with upgrades to sonar and communication systems.

The submarines were constructed between 1990 and 2003 in South Australia by the Australian Submarine Corporation (ASC), with a strong emphasis on Australian industrial involvement. Although the project faced accusations of bias and foul play, these claims lacked evidence or were proven false. The design process included a separate procurement of the combat data system, with Rockwell International's system being chosen. The construction of the submarines involved significant contributions from Australian industries, accounting for 70% of the construction and 45% of the software preparation.

Operational history shows that the first submarine, HMAS Collins, was laid down in February 1990 but faced delays and problems, particularly with its combat data system software. The entire class was not cleared for full operational service until March 2004. Issues during their early service life led to a comprehensive review, the McIntosh-Prescott Report, which identified the combat system as the central issue and recommended its replacement. Subsequent efforts improved the submarines to operational standards and addressed the negative public perception.

Technical specifications