MP5
Summary
| Country | 🇩🇪 Germany |
| Category | Submachine gun |
| Manufacturer | Heckler & Koch |
Technical specifications
| MP5 | |
|---|---|
| Fire Rate | 800 rounds/min. |
| Caliber | 9 x 19 mm Parabellum or 10 mm Auto |
| Magazine | 15 - 30 rounds |
| Length | 680 mm (26.8 in) |
| Weight | 2.54 kg (5.6 lb) |
| Range | 200 m (656 ft) |
Description
The Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine gun was developed in the 1960s by German firearms manufacturer Heckler & Koch, originating from a family of small arms designed around a common layout and operating principle derived from the Heckler & Koch G3 rifle. The MP5 was created as the fourth type within this family, chambered for 9×19mm Parabellum, and was initially known as the HK54. Development began in 1964, leading to its adoption by the Bundesgrenzschutz and Bundeswehr special forces in 1966, when it was redesignated as the MP5. Significant variants and improvements, including different stock options, an integrally suppressed version (MP5SD), and a compact model (MP5K), were introduced over the following decade. Although H&K attempted to replace the MP5, notably with the UMP developed in the 1990s, the MP5 maintained its prominence and success, largely due to its established global presence, user familiarity, and the characteristic low recoil provided by its roller-delayed action. The MP5 is also produced under license in several countries.
The primary configuration within the MP5 family, such as the MP5A2, is a selective fire, delayed blowback-operated firearm chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum, firing from a closed bolt position. It incorporates a fixed, cold hammer-forged barrel pressed and pinned into the receiver, featuring six right-hand grooves with a 1:10 inch rifling twist rate. The roller-delayed blowback mechanism involves a two-part bolt where rollers facilitate a calculated delay before the bolt fully unlocks and moves rearward, allowing bore pressure to decrease. The bolt carrier contains tungsten granules to prevent bolt bounce. Extraction reliability is enhanced by a fluted chamber. Cartridge cases are managed by a spring extractor and lever ejector. The weapon uses slightly curved steel magazines, replacing older straight types, with capacities of 15 or 30 rounds. Sighting is via adjustable iron sights, consisting of a rotating rear diopter drum and a hooded front post. The hammer firing mechanism is housed within an interchangeable polymer trigger module that includes an integrated pistol grip and a fire mode selector which functions as a manual safety. Common trigger group options include "SEF" and "Navy" variants, providing selective or burst fire capabilities, with dedicated semi-automatic options for some versions. The non-reciprocating cocking handle is located above the handguard and can be locked rearward. Accessory attachment is facilitated by a proprietary claw-rail mounting system on the receiver, allowing for optics. Handguard types include "Slimline" and "Tropical" versions, with unique handguards for variants like the MP5SD and MP5K.
The MP5 platform encompasses over 100 variants and clones developed for diverse roles. These include various standard MP5 models primarily distinguished by stock types (fixed or retractable) and trigger group configurations. Other notable variants include:
- the MP5SD, an integrally suppressed variant designed for quiet operation, featuring a ported barrel and unique suppressor construction
- the MP5K, a significantly shortened and compact version intended for concealed carry and close-quarters combat
- the HK94 and modern SP series, dedicated semi-automatic versions for the civilian market.
Beyond the standard 9×19mm, variants were produced in other calibers, notably the MP5/10 (10mm Auto) and MP5/40 (.40 S&W). The platform also includes several prototypes exploring design improvements and potential successors. Accessory kits and specialized variants such as the MP5K Operational Briefcase also exist.
The MP5 stands as one of the most widely utilized submachine guns globally. It has been adopted by over forty nations and employed by numerous militaries, police forces, intelligence agencies, security organizations, paramilitaries, and non-state actors. Its status was significantly cemented and publicized during the 1980 Iranian Embassy siege, where its use by British Army Special Air Service operatives in a high-profile counterterrorism operation led to increased international demand and solidified its association with elite tactical units. The MP5 has served as a mainstay in military and police special units worldwide, although it has seen a gradual shift in roles or replacement in some contexts since the late 1990s, partially influenced by evolving threats and armament trends. Among its historical users is East Germany, where the MP5 was used by the Diensteinheit IX unit.